International Business Segregated Brown Water

Question: Describe about the International Business for Segregated Brown Water. Answer: Introduction In the year 1965, Singapore faced lots of uncertainty in their country. This is because Singapore was a newly independent country in that year and they had no natural resources. Unemployment had been a major issue at that time, and it had caused the state of instability in the economy of Singapore. Thus, it was important to solve the unemployment so that the wheels of the economy of Singapore keep on moving. Due to the lack of natural resources, Singapore a water-stressed country and the proportion of local water for its supply to demand was found to be lowest among the countries of ASEAN. In the year 1962, Lee Kuan Yew signed an agreement between Malaysia and Singapore. The agreement stated that Malaysia would provide Singapore with freshwater and Singapore would provide tested water to Malaysia. However, the uncertainty of the renewal of the agreement of 1962 had resulted in Lee Kwan Yew to invest in the research and development for alternative water sources. Lee Kuan Yew understood that opportunities of employment to the residents are important to attain the economic stability of the country. Economic Development Board (EDB) was established by Lee Kwan Yew in the year 1960 whose main purpose was to attract foreign capitals to their country by entering in to the market of Singapore. The government agency, which was used for planning and execution of the strategies that would improve the position of Singapore in the centre of global business, was named as Economic Development Board (EDB) (Rajagopal et al. 2013). This would help to country to have a sustainable growth in the economy of the country by providing the residents with opportunities for good jobs and dynamic business. It was established in the year 1961. The primary purpose of Economic Development Board (EDB) was to attract foreign capitals to Singapore. During this time various well-established firms of the western region had possessed threats due to the expansion of various Japanese firms. Economic Development Board (EDB) had built up industries in Singapore and had provided opportunities for the job to their residents. The officers of Economic Development Board (EDB) had gone to various countries across Europe and US to promote that Singapore is the most efficient place to have a low manufacturing cost (Tran et al. 2014). Thus, job opportunities were available not only for the residents of Singapore but also for the expatriates. Economic Development Board (EDB) had not only managed the investors across the world to invest in the economy of Singapore but also convinced the investors across the globe that the country is a social, financial hub. It had decreased the unemployment rate and resulted in the growth of GDP of Singapore by 6% every year. The share of manufacturing grew by 10% in the year 1960 to 15% during late 1960. It had also helped Singapore to adopt the technologies that the foreign investors had followed in their business. Lee Kuan Yew had few concerns regarding the need for other sources of water for Singapore despite Malaysia being the important source of water for the country. The key issue in the national security of the country is water as it is important for the population of the country as well as for the maintenance of the country. The effective dimension of the local water catchment area was increased, and the area of supply of water from various nonconventional sources had been increased (Tortajada et al.2013). Thus, investment in the development and research to identify the new sources of water had been done. With the effort of Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore now has 3 water resources which include local water catchment, NEWater and desalinated water. The used water are treated, cleaned and made safe for drinking by the process of NEWater, which reclaims water. The water at local catchment relies on the rainfall and is the pillar of water supply in Singapore. Desalination plant in Asia is the largest water producing plant that uses the method of reverse-osmosis and produces around 30 million gallons of water every day thereby serving about 10% of the needs of the water in Singapore. Singapore can provide their residents with 400 million gallons of water every day with these 3 new water sources (Sagel et al. 2012). Four NEWater plants in Singapore meet 30% of the demand of water in Singapore. 25% of the water demand is met by desalinated water that produces up to 100 million gallons of water daily. The Marina Reservoir meets 10% of the water demand of Singapore, which is the most urbanized catchme nt of the island. Thus, Singapore now is strong enough to provide their residents with water even if the agreement between Singapore and Malaysia discontinues after its expiration in 2061. References Rajagopal, R., Lim, J.W., Mao, Y., Chen, C.L. and Wang, J.Y., 2013. Anaerobic co-digestion of source segregated brown water (feces-without-urine) and food waste: For Singapore context.Science of the Total Environment,443, pp.877-886. Sagel, A.M., Shanahan, P., MacFarlane, J.K. and Gschwend, P.M., 2012. Water quality studies in Kranji catchment, Singapore: use of organic tracers and polyethylene devices for identifying potential sewage sources.Water Practice and Technology,7(2), p.wpt2012040. Tortajada, C., Joshi, Y. and Biswas, A.K., 2013.The Singapore water story: sustainable development in an urban city state. Routledge. Tran, N.H., Hu, J., Li, J. and Ong, S.L., 2014. Suitability of artificial sweeteners as indicators of raw wastewater contamination in surface water and groundwater.Water research,48, pp.443-456.